Conditions & Concerns / Hyperpigmentation

Hyperpigmentation

Areas of excess melanin deposition. Includes post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, sunspots, and melasma.

Understanding evidence levels
In VitroCell or tissue culture experiments — no human or animal data.
Ex VivoSkin model or tissue experiments — not in living humans.
Animal StudyResults in animals only — may or may not translate to humans.
Small Human StudySmall or uncontrolled human study — preliminary results.
Controlled TrialControlled human study (often randomized) — stronger evidence.
Systematic ReviewSummary and analysis of existing published studies.
Meta-AnalysisStatistical pooling of results from multiple studies.
GuidelineProfessional guidance or consensus statement from a dermatology society.

Research findings(428)

Notable findingA finding from a controlled trial, systematic review, or meta-analysis with noteworthy results.Controlled TrialControlled human study, often randomized. Stronger evidence.Vitamin C (L-Ascorbic Acid)Published: May 1, 2026

Vitamin C Serum May Help Reduce Skin Aging and Pigmentation

A small study suggests that applying a 10% vitamin C serum to the skin for 12 weeks may help reduce signs of aging and improve skin color. Researchers found that the serum may help reduce skin glycation, carbonylation, and inflammation, and improve antioxidant capacity. However, more research is needed to confirm these findings.

Why it matters: Understanding the potential benefits of vitamin C serum for skin health may help individuals make informed decisions about their skincare routines.

A small sample size of 66 healthy Chinese females was used, and the study duration was 12 weeks.

PubMed
Small Human StudySmall or uncontrolled human study. Results are preliminary.Published: May 1, 2026

Fractional CO Laser for Facial Rejuvenation: Safety and Efficacy in Different Skin Types

A small study looked at the safety and effectiveness of a fractional CO laser for facial rejuvenation in people with different skin types. Researchers found that the laser caused some short-term side effects, but no serious complications. The study suggests that this laser may be safe for people with skin types I-IV.

Why it matters: This study may help skincare professionals understand the safety and effectiveness of fractional CO lasers for facial rejuvenation in different skin types.

This study had a small sample size of 38 patients and only looked at skin types I-IV, so its findings may not be generalizable to other skin types.

PubMed
Notable findingA finding from a controlled trial, systematic review, or meta-analysis with noteworthy results.Controlled TrialControlled human study, often randomized. Stronger evidence.RetinolPublished: May 1, 2026

Experts Agree on Skincare Ingredients to Use Before and After Aesthetic Procedures

Researchers studied which skincare ingredients are safe and effective to use before and after medical aesthetic procedures. They found that ceramides, hyaluronic acid, and vitamin C are good choices across different procedures and time points. However, some ingredients, like retinoids and acids, may cause irritation and should be avoided during the healing phase.

Why it matters: This study may help people make informed decisions about their skincare routine when undergoing medical aesthetic procedures.

The study was a Delphi study with expert opinions, and the findings are based on a simplified evaluation of 44 active ingredients. The study did not involve actual human subjects or controlled trials.

PubMed
Notable findingA finding from a controlled trial, systematic review, or meta-analysis with noteworthy results.Controlled TrialControlled human study, often randomized. Stronger evidence.Published: May 1, 2026

Aminolevulinic Acid Therapy May Help Treat Facial Skin Cancer

Researchers studied a treatment called aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) for facial squamous cell carcinoma in situ, a type of skin cancer. They found that 32 patients who received this treatment had complete clearance of the cancer cells. The treatment had minimal side effects, such as mild skin reactions and temporary hyperpigmentation.

Why it matters: This study may help skincare understanding by providing a potential non-invasive treatment option for early-stage skin cancer.

This study had a small sample size of 32 patients and a short duration of 8 weeks.

PubMed
Notable findingA finding from a controlled trial, systematic review, or meta-analysis with noteworthy results.Controlled TrialControlled human study, often randomized. Stronger evidence.Published: May 1, 2026

Topical Metformin May Help Reduce Melasma Hyperpigmentation

A small study compared the effectiveness of topical metformin and Kligman's formula in treating melasma, a skin condition characterized by dark patches on the face. Researchers found that both treatments reduced hyperpigmentation, but Kligman's formula showed slightly better results. The study suggests that topical metformin could be a safer alternative for some patients.

Why it matters: This study may help skincare professionals understand new treatment options for melasma, a common skin condition.

This study had a small sample size of 57 participants and was conducted over 12 weeks. The study design was non-randomized, and the sample size was not specified as being representative of the general population.

PubMed
Animal StudyResults in animals only. May or may not translate to humans.Published: April 27, 2026

Researchers studied a new skin treatment for UVB-induced pigmentation

A new skin treatment was studied for its ability to reduce pigmentation caused by UVB radiation. The treatment, made from a combination of tranexamic acid, metformin, and palmitoyl epigallocatechin gallate, was tested in lab experiments and found to enhance skin penetration and reduce melanin synthesis. The results suggest that this treatment may be effective in reducing UVB-induced skin pigmentation, but more research is needed to confirm these findings.

Why it matters: This study may help improve our understanding of how to treat UVB-induced skin pigmentation without invasive procedures.

This study was conducted in lab experiments and animal studies, and its results may not translate directly to human skin. Further research is needed to confirm the effectiveness and safety of this treatment in humans.

PubMed
Notable findingA finding from a controlled trial, systematic review, or meta-analysis with noteworthy results.Controlled TrialControlled human study, often randomized. Stronger evidence.Published: April 24, 2026

Red and near-infrared light may help improve scar appearance

Researchers studied whether red and near-infrared light can help improve the appearance of burn, hypertrophic, and post-surgical scars. They found that in some cases, this type of light may help reduce the appearance of scars, but more research is needed to confirm these findings. The effects of this treatment were generally well-tolerated, with some minor side effects.

Why it matters: Understanding how to improve scar appearance could be important for people who experience scarring from injuries or surgery.

Seven small studies with a total of 297 participants were included in this review, and the results suggest that red and near-infrared light may be a safe and non-invasive adjunct to standard scar management, but larger controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings and define optimal treatment parameters.

PubMed
Notable findingA finding from a controlled trial, systematic review, or meta-analysis with noteworthy results.Systematic ReviewSummary and analysis of existing published studies.Published: April 5, 2026

Researchers Examine Treatments for Pediatric Segmental Vitiligo

A systematic review studied existing therapies for pediatric segmental vitiligo, a skin condition causing white patches. Researchers found varying repigmentation rates with treatments like phototherapy, topical immunosuppressants, and surgical procedures. More research is needed to understand the effectiveness of these treatments.

Why it matters: Understanding treatments for pediatric segmental vitiligo may help parents and healthcare providers make informed decisions about managing this condition.

Most studies had moderate-to-low evidence quality and moderate risk of bias. The review included a small number of studies (10) with a total of 2085 pediatric patients.

PubMed
Small Human StudySmall or uncontrolled human study. Results are preliminary.Published: April 1, 2026

AOPT-LTL Technique May Help Treat Melasma

A small study suggests that the AOPT-LTL technique may be effective in treating melasma, a common skin condition characterized by patches of discoloration. Researchers found that after treatment, the affected area became smaller and the pigmentation lightened. However, more research is needed to confirm these findings.

Why it matters: Understanding the effectiveness of AOPT-LTL for treating melasma could lead to new treatment options for individuals affected by this condition.

This study involved a small sample size of 25 Chinese females with melasma, and the treatment duration was relatively short at 1 month.

PubMed
Notable findingA finding from a controlled trial, systematic review, or meta-analysis with noteworthy results.Systematic ReviewSummary and analysis of existing published studies.Published: April 1, 2026

Microneedling with Exosomes May Help with Skin Conditions

Researchers studied the combination of microneedling and exosome therapy for various skin issues, including androgenetic alopecia, skin aging, hyperpigmentation, active scarring, and enlarged pores. A small number of studies suggest that this treatment may be beneficial, but more evidence is needed to confirm its safety and effectiveness. The studies had small sample sizes and short follow-up periods.

Why it matters: Understanding the potential benefits and risks of microneedling with exosomes could lead to new treatment options for skin conditions.

Small sample sizes, short follow-up periods, and limited number of studies.

PubMed
Small Human StudySmall or uncontrolled human study. Results are preliminary.Published: April 1, 2026

Combining Plasma Radiofrequency with Tranexamic Acid May Help Improve Early Post-Traumatic Scars

Researchers studied a treatment combining plasma radiofrequency with topical tranexamic acid for early post-traumatic scars with hyperpigmentation. They found that this combination may help improve scar appearance and reduce hyperpigmentation. However, more research is needed to confirm these findings.

Why it matters: This study may help skincare professionals understand new treatment options for early post-traumatic scars with hyperpigmentation.

This retrospective study had a small sample size of 35 patients and was not a controlled trial.

PubMed
Small Human StudySmall or uncontrolled human study. Results are preliminary.Salicylic AcidPublished: April 1, 2026

Tranexamic Acid Serum May Help Improve Hyperpigmentation

A small study looked at using a topical tranexamic acid serum in patients with hyperpigmentation. The serum contains three active ingredients that aim to fight triggers of hyperpigmentation. Researchers found that applying the serum after certain in-office procedures may help improve skin appearance.

Why it matters: This study may help dermatologists and patients develop effective skincare plans for hyperpigmentation.

This study is a case series, meaning it's based on real-world experiences from eight expert dermatologists, but it's not a controlled trial. The sample size is small, and more research is needed to confirm these findings.

PubMed